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Article Structure
Based on template, the article structure must be sequential and contain according to the following conditions:
Title
The title of the article is written in English, short, interesting, according to the content and a maximum of 20 words
Author(s)
the name of each author is written in full (not accompanied by an academic degree), the address of the institution where the research was carried out is written with the name of the department / division followed by the name of the university / institution. If there is more than one affiliation, then use the numbering as a superscript (avoid the asterisks). Use the asterisk superscript for the author as the corresponding author.
Abstract
The abstract should be written in a maximum of 200 words following the structure: 1. A single opening sentence that introduces the purpose, 2. The research objective, 3. Method (this section explains how references were obtained or how the article review was conducted), 4. Analysis (this section explains how the results of the article review were analyzed or the tools used), 5. Main findings and conclusion, and 6. Scientific implications or recommendations, all written in a single paragraph sentence. The abstract of a review article is composed using the following structural components: 1. A single opening sentence introducing the purpose, 2. Research objective, 3. Method (describing how sources were obtained or the review process), 4. Analysis (describing how the reviewed articles were analyzed and the tools applied), 5. Main findings and conclusion, and 6. Scientific implications or recommendations.
Keywords
The keywords can be taken from the title, it contains 3-5 keywords which can be any word / phrase. Keywords are sorted alphabetically and separated by semicolons (;).
1. Introduction
The introduction must not exceed 600 words and is strongly recommended to consist of four paragraphs. The introduction should comprise approximately 20% of the total manuscript content. Paragraph 1: a general introduction presenting universal scientific values, data, or an overview of the research topic. Paragraph 2: essential scientific concepts, main ideas, theories, or ideal descriptions relevant to the research topic. Paragraph 3: existing problems or non-ideal conditions in the field, along with alternative solutions to demonstrate the novelty of the research. Paragraph 4: the urgency and clear objectives of the research.
The manuscript must not exceed 10,000 words, including tables and figures, or be adjusted proportionally to the number of articles in the publication. Manuscripts must be typed on A4-sized paper (210 × 297 mm²). Use 10-point font, Styles 3 – Text paragraph. Scientific names of species (including subspecies and varieties) must be written in italics. The first mention of a scientific name must be written in full (genus, species, and author). After the first mention, the genus name may be abbreviated unless it causes ambiguity. Biochemical and chemical nomenclature must follow IUPAC–IUB standards. DNA sequences are recommended to be written in Courier New font.
Technical terms, symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms must be defined at their first occurrence. Chemical names must be written in full at first mention and may be abbreviated thereafter. Use the symbol “%” instead of the word percent.
Use the author year citation system. Citations should be ordered from oldest to most recent and arranged alphabetically. For two authors, list both names; for three or more authors, use the first author’s surname followed by et al. (italicized). At least 80% of references must come from scientific journals published within the last five years, except for taxonomic studies.
2. Materials and Methods Guidelines
Time and Place of Research
This section describes the research time period and location. A map of the research location must be included and presented as a figure. Example format: Figure 1. Research location (Styles_Caption Figure). Font size: 10 pt, Styles_Subheading.
Research Design
This section explains the research design and methods applied in the study. Appropriate references must support all methodological statements. Written in paragraph form using 10 pt, Styles_3 – Text paragraph.
Population and Research Sample
- This section must be written in one integrated paragraph and includes:
- (a) description of the research population,
- (b) number of samples,
- (c) sampling techniques supported by standard references,
- (d) research variables,
- (e) data collection methods, and
- (f) tools and materials used in the research.
Equations
All equations must be created using the Microsoft Word Equation feature, not as images. Equations must be numbered sequentially and aligned to the right, Example:
(1) r₁₁ = ∑ n + x(y²)
(2) f(x) = a₀ + ∑ₙ₌₁^∞ (aₙ cos(nπx/L) + bₙ sin(nπx/L))
Research Procedure
This section describes each stage of the research process in detail. The procedure may follow a theoretical flow or framework proposed by established research methodologists.
Research Data Analysis
- This section explains the data analysis techniques, including:
- formulas or equations used,
- analytical criteria,
- statistical methods, and/or
- software employed.
- All analytical approaches must be supported by clear references.
- The Methods section should comprise approximately 12% of the total manuscript content.
3. Results and Discussion
In this journal, results and discussion must be combined in a single section. Each sub-section of Results and Discussion should follow a structured and consistent format.
Research Results I
Each sub-topic must begin with an introductory or descriptive paragraph (minimum three sentences) providing an overview of the results to be presented. Research results must be displayed in the form of tables or graphs, followed by a clear explanation beneath each table or figure. The sub-section must end with a discussion section consisting of at least two paragraphs, which includes:
- in-depth analysis of key findings,
- Comparison with relevant previous studies,
- conclusions regarding similarities, differences, or limitations compared to related research, and
- scientific and practical implications of the findings.
Research Results II
- This sub-section begins with a descriptive paragraph of at least three consecutive sentences, covering: background of the data, context of the variables, and focus of the analysis.
- Results are then presented in the form of a table or graph, followed by a concise explanation.
Tables and Figures
Tables and figures must be numbered sequentially and accompanied by a clear, informative title. Captions should use Caption Table or Caption Figure styles. Example:Table 1. Environmental quality at the research site. All symbols, abbreviations, and notes used in tables or figures must be clearly explained beneath them.
Notes
- Explanatory notes (e.g., Note: xxxxxx) should be placed below the table or figure and written concisely.
4. Conclusion
The main conclusions of the experimental work should be presented. The contribution of the work to the scientific community and its economic implications should be emphasized.
5. Acknowledgements
Place acknowledgments, including information on grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
7. References
References are written using the APA Style 7th Edition format and each sumer from the source of the article is accompanied by its DOI address. The number consists of a minimum of 20 reference sources, 80% of which are reputable articles. Next, reference articles in the Indonesian Journal of Tropical Biology (IJTB) and use Mandely for citations and bibliography writing. Here's an example of an APA 7 reference format for different types of sources:
- Journal (Scientific article)
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Article title. Journal Name, volume(number), page. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Example:
Rahman, A., & Putri, D. S. (2021). Analysis of coastal ecosystem sustainability in Eastern Indonesia. Marine Environmental Research, 170(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105434
- Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Example:
Sugiyono. (2019). Qualitative and quantitative research methods. Alphabet.
- Edited Books
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Eds.). (Year). Book title. Publisher.
- Book Chapters
Author of the chapter. (Year). Chapter Title. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (page). Publisher.
- Online thesis/thesis/dissertation
Author, A. (Year). Thesis title (Thesis/Master/Dissertation, University Name). Database or URL.
- Sumber Website
Penulis/Instansi. (Tahun, Bulan Tanggal). Judul artikel. Nama situs. URL
